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node_modules/path-to-regexp/Readme.md generated vendored
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# Path-to-RegExp
> Turn an Express-style path string such as `/user/:name` into a regular expression.
> Turn a path string such as `/user/:name` into a regular expression.
[![NPM version][npm-image]][npm-url]
[![Build status][travis-image]][travis-url]
@@ -18,222 +18,300 @@ npm install path-to-regexp --save
## Usage
```javascript
var pathToRegexp = require('path-to-regexp')
const { pathToRegexp, match, parse, compile } = require("path-to-regexp");
// pathToRegexp(path, keys, options)
// pathToRegexp.parse(path)
// pathToRegexp.compile(path)
// pathToRegexp(path, keys?, options?)
// match(path)
// parse(path)
// compile(path)
```
- **path** An Express-style string, an array of strings, or a regular expression.
- **keys** An array to be populated with the keys found in the path.
- **path** A string, array of strings, or a regular expression.
- **keys** An array to populate with keys found in the path.
- **options**
- **sensitive** When `true` the route will be case sensitive. (default: `false`)
- **strict** When `false` the trailing slash is optional. (default: `false`)
- **end** When `false` the path will match at the beginning. (default: `true`)
- **delimiter** Set the default delimiter for repeat parameters. (default: `'/'`)
- **sensitive** When `true` the regexp will be case sensitive. (default: `false`)
- **strict** When `true` the regexp won't allow an optional trailing delimiter to match. (default: `false`)
- **end** When `true` the regexp will match to the end of the string. (default: `true`)
- **start** When `true` the regexp will match from the beginning of the string. (default: `true`)
- **delimiter** The default delimiter for segments, e.g. `[^/#?]` for `:named` patterns. (default: `'/#?'`)
- **endsWith** Optional character, or list of characters, to treat as "end" characters.
- **encode** A function to encode strings before inserting into `RegExp`. (default: `x => x`)
- **prefixes** List of characters to automatically consider prefixes when parsing. (default: `./`)
```javascript
var keys = []
var re = pathToRegexp('/foo/:bar', keys)
// re = /^\/foo\/([^\/]+?)\/?$/i
// keys = [{ name: 'bar', prefix: '/', delimiter: '/', optional: false, repeat: false, pattern: '[^\\/]+?' }]
const keys = [];
const regexp = pathToRegexp("/foo/:bar", keys);
// regexp = /^\/foo(?:\/([^\/#\?]+?))[\/#\?]?$/i
// keys = [{ name: 'bar', prefix: '/', suffix: '', pattern: '[^\\/#\\?]+?', modifier: '' }]
```
**Please note:** The `RegExp` returned by `path-to-regexp` is intended for use with pathnames or hostnames. It can not handle the query strings or fragments of a URL.
**Please note:** The `RegExp` returned by `path-to-regexp` is intended for ordered data (e.g. pathnames, hostnames). It can not handle arbitrarily ordered data (e.g. query strings, URL fragments, JSON, etc). When using paths that contain query strings, you need to escape the question mark (`?`) to ensure it does not flag the parameter as [optional](#optional).
### Parameters
The path string can be used to define parameters and populate the keys.
The path argument is used to define parameters and populate keys.
#### Named Parameters
Named parameters are defined by prefixing a colon to the parameter name (`:foo`). By default, the parameter will match until the following path segment.
Named parameters are defined by prefixing a colon to the parameter name (`:foo`).
```js
var re = pathToRegexp('/:foo/:bar', keys)
const regexp = pathToRegexp("/:foo/:bar");
// keys = [{ name: 'foo', prefix: '/', ... }, { name: 'bar', prefix: '/', ... }]
re.exec('/test/route')
//=> ['/test/route', 'test', 'route']
regexp.exec("/test/route");
//=> [ '/test/route', 'test', 'route', index: 0, input: '/test/route', groups: undefined ]
```
**Please note:** Named parameters must be made up of "word characters" (`[A-Za-z0-9_]`).
**Please note:** Parameter names must use "word characters" (`[A-Za-z0-9_]`).
##### Custom Matching Parameters
Parameters can have a custom regexp, which overrides the default match (`[^/]+`). For example, you can match digits or names in a path:
```js
var re = pathToRegexp('/(apple-)?icon-:res(\\d+).png', keys)
// keys = [{ name: 0, prefix: '/', ... }, { name: 'res', prefix: '', ... }]
const regexpNumbers = pathToRegexp("/icon-:foo(\\d+).png");
// keys = [{ name: 'foo', ... }]
re.exec('/icon-76.png')
//=> ['/icon-76.png', undefined, '76']
regexpNumbers.exec("/icon-123.png");
//=> ['/icon-123.png', '123']
regexpNumbers.exec("/icon-abc.png");
//=> null
const regexpWord = pathToRegexp("/(user|u)");
// keys = [{ name: 0, ... }]
regexpWord.exec("/u");
//=> ['/u', 'u']
regexpWord.exec("/users");
//=> null
```
#### Modified Parameters
**Tip:** Backslashes need to be escaped with another backslash in JavaScript strings.
##### Custom Prefix and Suffix
Parameters can be wrapped in `{}` to create custom prefixes or suffixes for your segment:
```js
const regexp = pathToRegexp("/:attr1?{-:attr2}?{-:attr3}?");
regexp.exec("/test");
// => ['/test', 'test', undefined, undefined]
regexp.exec("/test-test");
// => ['/test', 'test', 'test', undefined]
```
#### Unnamed Parameters
It is possible to write an unnamed parameter that only consists of a regexp. It works the same the named parameter, except it will be numerically indexed:
```js
const regexp = pathToRegexp("/:foo/(.*)");
// keys = [{ name: 'foo', ... }, { name: 0, ... }]
regexp.exec("/test/route");
//=> [ '/test/route', 'test', 'route', index: 0, input: '/test/route', groups: undefined ]
```
#### Modifiers
Modifiers must be placed after the parameter (e.g. `/:foo?`, `/(test)?`, `/:foo(test)?`, or `{-:foo(test)}?`).
##### Optional
Parameters can be suffixed with a question mark (`?`) to make the parameter optional. This will also make the prefix optional.
Parameters can be suffixed with a question mark (`?`) to make the parameter optional.
```js
var re = pathToRegexp('/:foo/:bar?', keys)
// keys = [{ name: 'foo', ... }, { name: 'bar', delimiter: '/', optional: true, repeat: false }]
const regexp = pathToRegexp("/:foo/:bar?");
// keys = [{ name: 'foo', ... }, { name: 'bar', prefix: '/', modifier: '?' }]
re.exec('/test')
//=> ['/test', 'test', undefined]
regexp.exec("/test");
//=> [ '/test', 'test', undefined, index: 0, input: '/test', groups: undefined ]
re.exec('/test/route')
//=> ['/test', 'test', 'route']
regexp.exec("/test/route");
//=> [ '/test/route', 'test', 'route', index: 0, input: '/test/route', groups: undefined ]
```
**Tip:** The prefix is also optional, escape the prefix `\/` to make it required.
When dealing with query strings, escape the question mark (`?`) so it doesn't mark the parameter as optional. Handling unordered data is outside the scope of this library.
```js
const regexp = pathToRegexp("/search/:tableName\\?useIndex=true&term=amazing");
regexp.exec("/search/people?useIndex=true&term=amazing");
//=> [ '/search/people?useIndex=true&term=amazing', 'people', index: 0, input: '/search/people?useIndex=true&term=amazing', groups: undefined ]
// This library does not handle query strings in different orders
regexp.exec("/search/people?term=amazing&useIndex=true");
//=> null
```
##### Zero or more
Parameters can be suffixed with an asterisk (`*`) to denote a zero or more parameter matches. The prefix is taken into account for each match.
Parameters can be suffixed with an asterisk (`*`) to denote a zero or more parameter matches.
```js
var re = pathToRegexp('/:foo*', keys)
// keys = [{ name: 'foo', delimiter: '/', optional: true, repeat: true }]
const regexp = pathToRegexp("/:foo*");
// keys = [{ name: 'foo', prefix: '/', modifier: '*' }]
re.exec('/')
//=> ['/', undefined]
regexp.exec("/");
//=> [ '/', undefined, index: 0, input: '/', groups: undefined ]
re.exec('/bar/baz')
//=> ['/bar/baz', 'bar/baz']
regexp.exec("/bar/baz");
//=> [ '/bar/baz', 'bar/baz', index: 0, input: '/bar/baz', groups: undefined ]
```
##### One or more
Parameters can be suffixed with a plus sign (`+`) to denote a one or more parameter matches. The prefix is taken into account for each match.
Parameters can be suffixed with a plus sign (`+`) to denote a one or more parameter matches.
```js
var re = pathToRegexp('/:foo+', keys)
// keys = [{ name: 'foo', delimiter: '/', optional: false, repeat: true }]
const regexp = pathToRegexp("/:foo+");
// keys = [{ name: 'foo', prefix: '/', modifier: '+' }]
re.exec('/')
regexp.exec("/");
//=> null
re.exec('/bar/baz')
//=> ['/bar/baz', 'bar/baz']
regexp.exec("/bar/baz");
//=> [ '/bar/baz','bar/baz', index: 0, input: '/bar/baz', groups: undefined ]
```
#### Custom Match Parameters
### Match
All parameters can be provided a custom regexp, which overrides the default (`[^\/]+`).
The `match` function will return a function for transforming paths into parameters:
```js
var re = pathToRegexp('/:foo(\\d+)', keys)
// keys = [{ name: 'foo', ... }]
// Make sure you consistently `decode` segments.
const match = match("/user/:id", { decode: decodeURIComponent });
re.exec('/123')
//=> ['/123', '123']
re.exec('/abc')
//=> null
match("/user/123"); //=> { path: '/user/123', index: 0, params: { id: '123' } }
match("/invalid"); //=> false
match("/user/caf%C3%A9"); //=> { path: '/user/caf%C3%A9', index: 0, params: { id: 'café' } }
```
**Please note:** Backslashes need to be escaped with another backslash in strings.
#### Process Pathname
#### Unnamed Parameters
It is possible to write an unnamed parameter that only consists of a matching group. It works the same as a named parameter, except it will be numerically indexed.
You should make sure variations of the same path match the expected `path`. Here's one possible solution using `encode`:
```js
var re = pathToRegexp('/:foo/(.*)', keys)
// keys = [{ name: 'foo', ... }, { name: 0, ... }]
const match = match("/café", { encode: encodeURI, decode: decodeURIComponent });
re.exec('/test/route')
//=> ['/test/route', 'test', 'route']
match("/user/caf%C3%A9"); //=> { path: '/user/caf%C3%A9', index: 0, params: { id: 'café' } }
```
#### Asterisk
**Note:** [`URL`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/URL) automatically encodes pathnames for you.
An asterisk can be used for matching everything. It is equivalent to an unnamed matching group of `(.*)`.
##### Alternative Using Normalize
Sometimes you won't have an already normalized pathname. You can normalize it yourself before processing:
```js
var re = pathToRegexp('/foo/*', keys)
// keys = [{ name: '0', ... }]
/**
* Normalize a pathname for matching, replaces multiple slashes with a single
* slash and normalizes unicode characters to "NFC". When using this method,
* `decode` should be an identity function so you don't decode strings twice.
*/
function normalizePathname(pathname: string) {
return (
decodeURI(pathname)
// Replaces repeated slashes in the URL.
.replace(/\/+/g, "/")
// Reference: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String/normalize
// Note: Missing native IE support, may want to skip this step.
.normalize()
);
}
re.exec('/foo/bar/baz')
//=> ['/foo/bar/baz', 'bar/baz']
// Two possible ways of writing `/café`:
const re = pathToRegexp("/caf\u00E9");
const input = encodeURI("/cafe\u0301");
re.test(input); //=> false
re.test(normalizePathname(input)); //=> true
```
### Parse
The parse function is exposed via `pathToRegexp.parse`. This will return an array of strings and keys.
The `parse` function will return a list of strings and keys from a path string:
```js
var tokens = pathToRegexp.parse('/route/:foo/(.*)')
const tokens = parse("/route/:foo/(.*)");
console.log(tokens[0])
console.log(tokens[0]);
//=> "/route"
console.log(tokens[1])
//=> { name: 'foo', prefix: '/', delimiter: '/', optional: false, repeat: false, pattern: '[^\\/]+?' }
console.log(tokens[1]);
//=> { name: 'foo', prefix: '/', suffix: '', pattern: '[^\\/#\\?]+?', modifier: '' }
console.log(tokens[2])
//=> { name: 0, prefix: '/', delimiter: '/', optional: false, repeat: false, pattern: '.*' }
console.log(tokens[2]);
//=> { name: 0, prefix: '/', suffix: '', pattern: '.*', modifier: '' }
```
**Note:** This method only works with Express-style strings.
**Note:** This method only works with strings.
### Compile ("Reverse" Path-To-RegExp)
Path-To-RegExp exposes a compile function for transforming an Express-style path into a valid path.
The `compile` function will return a function for transforming parameters into a valid path:
```js
var toPath = pathToRegexp.compile('/user/:id')
// Make sure you encode your path segments consistently.
const toPath = compile("/user/:id", { encode: encodeURIComponent });
toPath({ id: 123 }) //=> "/user/123"
toPath({ id: 'café' }) //=> "/user/caf%C3%A9"
toPath({ id: '/' }) //=> "/user/%2F"
toPath({ id: 123 }); //=> "/user/123"
toPath({ id: "café" }); //=> "/user/caf%C3%A9"
toPath({ id: "/" }); //=> "/user/%2F"
toPath({ id: ':' }) //=> "/user/%3A"
toPath({ id: ':' }, { pretty: true }) //=> "/user/:"
toPath({ id: ":/" }); //=> "/user/%3A%2F"
var toPathRepeated = pathToRegexp.compile('/:segment+')
// Without `encode`, you need to make sure inputs are encoded correctly.
const toPathRaw = compile("/user/:id");
toPathRepeated({ segment: 'foo' }) //=> "/foo"
toPathRepeated({ segment: ['a', 'b', 'c'] }) //=> "/a/b/c"
toPathRaw({ id: "%3A%2F" }); //=> "/user/%3A%2F"
toPathRaw({ id: ":/" }, { validate: false }); //=> "/user/:/"
var toPathRegexp = pathToRegexp.compile('/user/:id(\\d+)')
const toPathRepeated = compile("/:segment+");
toPathRegexp({ id: 123 }) //=> "/user/123"
toPathRegexp({ id: '123' }) //=> "/user/123"
toPathRegexp({ id: 'abc' }) //=> Throws `TypeError`.
toPathRepeated({ segment: "foo" }); //=> "/foo"
toPathRepeated({ segment: ["a", "b", "c"] }); //=> "/a/b/c"
const toPathRegexp = compile("/user/:id(\\d+)");
toPathRegexp({ id: 123 }); //=> "/user/123"
toPathRegexp({ id: "123" }); //=> "/user/123"
toPathRegexp({ id: "abc" }); //=> Throws `TypeError`.
toPathRegexp({ id: "abc" }, { validate: false }); //=> "/user/abc"
```
**Note:** The generated function will throw on invalid input. It will do all necessary checks to ensure the generated path is valid. This method only works with strings.
**Note:** The generated function will throw on invalid input.
### Working with Tokens
Path-To-RegExp exposes the two functions used internally that accept an array of tokens.
Path-To-RegExp exposes the two functions used internally that accept an array of tokens:
* `pathToRegexp.tokensToRegExp(tokens, options)` Transform an array of tokens into a matching regular expression.
* `pathToRegexp.tokensToFunction(tokens)` Transform an array of tokens into a path generator function.
- `tokensToRegexp(tokens, keys?, options?)` Transform an array of tokens into a matching regular expression.
- `tokensToFunction(tokens)` Transform an array of tokens into a path generator function.
#### Token Information
* `name` The name of the token (`string` for named or `number` for index)
* `prefix` The prefix character for the segment (`/` or `.`)
* `delimiter` The delimiter for the segment (same as prefix or `/`)
* `optional` Indicates the token is optional (`boolean`)
* `repeat` Indicates the token is repeated (`boolean`)
* `partial` Indicates this token is a partial path segment (`boolean`)
* `pattern` The RegExp used to match this token (`string`)
* `asterisk` Indicates the token is an `*` match (`boolean`)
- `name` The name of the token (`string` for named or `number` for unnamed index)
- `prefix` The prefix string for the segment (e.g. `"/"`)
- `suffix` The suffix string for the segment (e.g. `""`)
- `pattern` The RegExp used to match this token (`string`)
- `modifier` The modifier character used for the segment (e.g. `?`)
## Compatibility with Express <= 4.x
Path-To-RegExp breaks compatibility with Express <= `4.x`:
* No longer a direct conversion to a RegExp with sugar on top - it's a path matcher with named and unnamed matching groups
* It's unlikely you previously abused this feature, it's rare and you could always use a RegExp instead
* All matching RegExp special characters can be used in a matching group. E.g. `/:user(.*)`
* Other RegExp features are not support - no nested matching groups, non-capturing groups or look aheads
* Parameters have suffixes that augment meaning - `*`, `+` and `?`. E.g. `/:user*`
## TypeScript
Includes a [`.d.ts`](index.d.ts) file for TypeScript users.
- RegExp special characters can only be used in a parameter
- Express.js 4.x supported `RegExp` special characters regardless of position - this is considered a bug
- Parameters have suffixes that augment meaning - `*`, `+` and `?`. E.g. `/:user*`
- No wildcard asterisk (`*`) - use parameters instead (`(.*)` or `:splat*`)
## Live Demo